California General Election November 5, 2024
Official Voter Information Guide
OVERVIEW OF STATE BOND DEBT
PREPARED BY THE LEGISLATIVE ANALYST
This section describes the state's bond debt. It also discusses how the bond measures on the ballot, if approved by voters, would affect state costs to repay bonds.
State Bonds and Their Costs
What Are Bonds? Bonds are a way that governments borrow money. The state government uses bonds primarily to pay for infrastructure projects that have a long useful life, such as bridges, dams, prisons, parks, schools, and office buildings. The state sells bonds to investors to receive up-front funding for these projects and then must repay the investors over a period of time, typically a couple of decades. This is very similar to the way a family pays off a mortgage on their home.
What Are the Costs of Bond Financing? The state's total cost for a project is more if it pays with bonds than if it pays up front with money it already has. This is because it has to pay interest on the bonds. The amount of additional cost depends on the interest rate and how long it takes to repay the bonds. For example, if the state uses a 30-year bond with a 4 percent interest rate to pay for a project, the total cost is about 15 percent more (after adjusting for inflation) than if the state paid up front with money it already has.
Most Bonds Must Be Approved by Voters. The California Constitution requires that most new bonds be approved by voters. These bonds usually are repaid from the state General Fund. (The General Fund is the account the state uses to pay for most public services, including education, health care, and prisons.)
Bonds and State Spending
Current Amount of Bond Debt. The state currently is repaying about $80 billion of bonds. In addition, the voters and the Legislature previously have approved about $35 billion of bonds that have not yet been sold. Most of these bonds are expected to be sold in the next several years. The state currently is paying about $6 billion each year from the General Fund to repay bonds. The state will continue to pay a similar amount over the next few years. This is about 3 percent of the state's annual General Fund revenue, which is lower than the historical average of about 4 percent.
This Election's Impact on Debt Payments. There are two bond measures on this ballot: Proposition 2 and Proposition 4. Proposition 2 would allow the state to borrow $10 billion to build new facilities and renovate existing facilities at school districts and community colleges. The cost to repay this bond would be about $500 million each year for 35 years. Proposition 4 would allow the state to borrow $10 billion to pay for various natural resources and climate activities. The cost to repay this bond would be about $400 million each year for 40 years. The cost to repay both bonds would total about $900 million each year, which is about one-half of 1 percent of the state's annual General Fund revenue.
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